Koj khiav tib qho kev pab cuam sintering ob zaug. Tib qho zirconia batch. Tib qho chaw teeb tsa lub cub tawg. Tab sis cov txiaj ntsig tsis tuaj yeem sib txawv ntau dua - ib daim tawm los nrog qhov tsos tsis zoo, chalky uas tsis muaj tag nrho translucency, thaum lwm qhov tawm los tsaus grey nrog qhov chaw tiav txawv txawv thiab yuav tsis zaum kom raug. Muaj dab tsi tshwm sim?
Cov lus teb nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim uas ntau lub chaw kuaj mob nkag siab tsis tiav: qhov kub thiab txias sintering tsis yog tsuas yog hais txog kev ua kom zirconia tawv xwb. Nws yog qhov hloov pauv tseem ceeb uas tswj kev pom tseeb, lub zog, thiab qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntev tag nrho ib zaug. Thiab thaum nws mus tsis raug, qhov tsis ua haujlwm tuaj yeem zoo li txawv kiag li nyob ntawm seb nws mus qhov twg tsis raug.
Qhov teeb meem tiag tiag: feem ntau cov chaw kuaj mob tsis tuaj yeem qhia qhov txawv ntawm qhov tsis txaus thiab qhov kub dhau kom txog thaum cov yas hniav twb nyob hauv tus neeg mob lub qhov ncauj lawm. Phau ntawv qhia no muab cov txuj ci kuaj mob rau koj kom pom qhov txawv tam sim ntawd - thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau los kho nws mus tas li. |
Xav txog kev sintering zirconia zoo li ua noj dumplings. Tau qhov kub kom raug, thiab koj muaj cov khoom kawg zoo meej. Tab sis yog tias koj qhov kub qis dhau lossis siab dhau, koj xaus nrog cov teeb meem sib txawv kiag li - thiab lawv xav tau kev kho sib txawv kiag li.
Tsis Tua Hluav Taws— Qhov Kub Qis Dhau | 1 |
Xav txog seb puas yuav ua kom cov pob kws siav ntawm 80°C es tsis yog 100°C. Lawv yeej tsis siav tag. Sab nraud yuav tawv me ntsis, tab sis sab hauv tseem nyoos thiab nplaum. Zirconia ua haujlwm tib yam.
Lub hau zoo li muaj hmoov av, hmoov av, tsis muaj lub teeb ci ntsa iab li. Nws zoo li cov xim dawb lossis cov khoom siv porcelain uas tau pleev xim rau ntau yam. Qhov saum npoo yuav zoo li ntxhib me ntsis lossis muaj qhov me me thaum kov. Cov khoom siv tsis muaj "lub neej" - nws zoo li tiaj tus thiab tsis muaj sia, txawm tias koj siv xim pleev li cas los xij.
Vim tias cov txheej txheem sintering tsis tau ua tiav, cov zirconia me me tsis tau ntim ua ke nruj nreem. Lub kaus mom khaws cia ntau dua ntawm nws qhov ntim qub - nws tsis tau ntsws txaus. Thaum tus neeg mob sim nws, nws xoob, tig, lossis yuav tsis zaum kom zoo rau ntawm qhov kev npaj. Koj tab tom saib ib qho kev rov ua dua.
Ntawm theem microscopic, zirconia puv nrog cov hnab cua me me - qhov uas cov kws tshawb fawb hu ua microporosity . Xav txog nws zoo li lub paj rwb. Cov lab ntawm cov qhov me me no ua rau lub teeb tawg ua rau lub teeb tsis zoo, tiv thaiv nws kom tsis txhob hla dhau. Lub teeb dhia thiab cuam tshuam rau txhua qhov chaw sab hauv es tsis txhob mus ncaj qha. Yog vim li cas lub kaus mom zoo li chalky - nws tsis yog qhov teeb meem opacity tiag tiag, nws yog lub teeb tawg.
Kev Tua Hluav Taws Kub Dhau— Lub Kub Kub Dhau Lawm | 2 |
Tam sim no xav txog seb puas yuav ua kom cov pob zeb no kub txog 120°C ntev dhau lawm. Sab nraud tawv thiab ntsws, cov khoom ntim tawm, thiab tag nrho cov khoom tawg. Cov qauv hloov pauv ntau heev. Zirconia hlawv ntau dhau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj sib txawv.
Lub hau tawm los nrog lub ntsej muag tsaus ntuj nti, xim grey tsaus lossis xim av av nkos. Nws muaj qee qhov pom tseeb (koj tuaj yeem pom lub teeb hla dhau), tab sis xim tsis raug - tsis sib xyaw, ntxuav tawm, lossis hloov mus rau xim grey. Qhov saum npoo yuav zoo li du tab sis tsis muaj lub zog ntawm lub hau sintered zoo. Cov xim pleev xim uas siv ua ntej hlawv zoo li txawv kiag li ntawm qhov xav tau.
Kev hlawv ntau dhau ua rau lub hniav ntsws ntau dhau. Lub zirconia tau ntsws ntau dhau thaum lub sijhawm txias. Lub kaus mom tawm los me dua li nws yuav tsum yog. Nws yuav tsis haum rau ntawm qhov kev npaj - nruj dhau, lossis zaum ntawm qhov chaw ntsug tsis raug. Dua li, koj tab tom rov teeb tsa lossis rov ua dua.
Thaum kub dhau, cov noob zirconia tsis tsuas yog sib xyaw ua ke xwb - lawv sib xyaw ua ke ntau dhau . Cov khoom siv crystalline ib leeg loj hlob tsis zoo, ib qho txheej txheem hu ua kev loj hlob ntawm cov noob . Thaum cov noob loj dhau, qhov ntsuas refractive (lub teeb khoov los ntawm cov khoom siv li cas) hloov pauv tsis tau kwv yees. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua kom sov dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv theem uas qee qhov ntawm zirconia hloov pauv los ntawm tetragonal mus rau theem monoclinic - kev hloov pauv uas ua rau txo qhov tawv thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tawg me me. Lub kaus mom zoo li grey vim tias lub teeb tsis rov ua dua tas li - nws raug tawg los ntawm cov ciam teb tshiab thiab kev hloov pauv theem.
Nov yog daim ntawv teev kev kuaj mob sai sai los pab koj txheeb xyuas qhov ua tsis tiav uas koj tab tom ntsib :
| Yam ntxwv | Tsis Muaj Zog | Ua Hluav Taws Kub Dhau |
|---|---|---|
| Kev Pom Kev Zoo | Chalky, hmoov, opaque kiag li, dawb tsis ci | Xim av daj, xim av daj, xim av daj, xim av daj, lossis raws li koj xav tau |
| Qhov Teeb Meem Loj/Haum | Lub kaus mom loj dhau, tig los yog xoob thaum npaj | Lub hau me dhau, yuav tsis zaum lossis nruj dhau |
| Lub Zog/Kev Ruaj Khov | Porous, brittle, yooj yim rau chipping | Nyuaj tab sis tej zaum yuav tawg me me |
Nov yog qhov uas ntau lub chaw kuaj mob chim siab. Koj lub qhov cub qhia tau tias kub txog 1530°C tas li. Koj tsis tau hloov pauv qhov chaw teeb tsa dab tsi li. Tab sis tam sim ntawd, cov khoom ua haujlwm tau tawm los tsis kub lossis kub dhau. Muaj dab tsi tshwm sim?
Lub vijtsam nyeem qhov uas lub thermocouple (lub ntsuas kub) qhia nws. Tab sis cov thermocouples laus zuj zus. Tom qab siv ntau lub hlis lossis ntau xyoo, lawv maj mam poob qhov tseeb ntawm kev ntsuas. Lub vaj huam sib luag yuav tso saib 1530 ° C thaum qhov kub tiag tiag hauv lub cub tawg tsuas yog 1480 ° C - lossis nws tuaj yeem khiav ntawm 1560 ° C thiab koj yuav tsis paub. Qhov kev sib hloov 50 ° C no txaus los hloov koj ntawm kev sintering zoo meej mus rau qhov ua tsis tiav tag nrho.
Cov chav cua sov tsis kub sib npaug. Qhov chaw nruab nrab feem ntau kub dua li ntug. Yog tias lub thermocouple pom qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm chav tab sis koj tab tom thauj zirconia ze ntawm ntug, cov khoom yuav muaj qhov kub qis dua. Ib yam li ntawd, yog tias koj lub crucible nyob hauv qhov chaw tsis zoo, cua ntsawj ncig nws hloov pauv, tsim cov cheeb tsam tuag nrog kev ncig cua sov tsis zoo.
Txawm tias lub cub tawg kub txog 1530 ° C, yog tias nws mus txog qhov ntawd sai dhau (qhov nrawm nrawm dhau), cov nplaim sab nraud ntawm koj cov zirconia tuaj yeem sinter tag nrho thaum sab hauv tseem txias thiab tsis kub hnyiab. Koj xaus nrog ib daim uas tau sintered ib nrab - sab nraud zoo li yuav luag zoo, tab sis sab hauv nws tseem muaj qhov thiab tsis muaj zog.
Yog koj tsis ntseeg qhov koj lub cub tawg ua kom pom tseeb ces yuav tsis daws tau qhov teeb meem no. Qhov xov xwm zoo yog dab tsi? Koj tuaj yeem xyuas thiab kho nws nrog ob peb txoj kev siv tau.
Siv lub nplhaib calibration PTCR (Positive Temperature Coefficient) lossis cov qauv piv txwv zoo sib xws. Qhov no yog lub nplhaib zirconia tsim tshwj xeeb uas shrink mus rau qhov paub, kwv yees tau txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov kub tshwj xeeb.
Nov yog nws ua haujlwm li cas:
• Muab lub nplhaib PTCR tso rau hauv koj lub cub tawg (nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub chamber) nrog rau koj cov khoom ib txwm muaj.
• Khiav ib lub voj voog sintering tag nrho siv koj qhov kev pab cuam ib txwm.
• Tom qab txias, ntsuas lub cheeb ntawm lub nplhaib PTCR sintered nrog calipers.
• Muab qhov ntsuas tau los piv rau daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom. Qhov no qhia koj qhov kub siab tshaj plaws uas koj lub cub tawg tau txog.
Txoj kev no hla dhau lub thermocouple tag nrho. Koj ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm lub cev, tsis yog cov ntawv nyeem hluav taws xob.
Khaws ib qho qauv piv txwv—lub kaus mom lossis lub thaiv uas tau sintered nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo meej uas paub. Thaum koj hlawv ib pawg tshiab, piv qhov pom kev (pom kev pom tseeb, xim saturation, qhov tiav ntawm qhov chaw) ncaj qha rau tus qauv piv txwv no. Yog tias koj cov khoom tshiab zoo li txawv heev, qhov kub yuav tsis zoo.
Txoj kev no tsis meej npaum li kev ntsuas PTCR, tab sis nws ceev thiab ntes tau qhov sib txawv loj.
Qhov kub thiab txias tsis tshwm sim sai sai. Nws maj mam nce mus rau ntau lub lis piam thiab ntau lub hlis. Tiv thaiv nws los ntawm:
• Khiav ib lub nplhaib calibration PTCR txhua hli. Sau qhov ntsuas txoj kab uas hla txhua zaus. Koj yuav pom qhov calibration distortion ua ntej nws ua rau cov pawg puas tsuaj.
• Tshuaj xyuas qhov kaw ntawm lub cub tawg. Cov kab nrib pleb lossis cov foob xoob ua rau cua sov tawm tsis sib npaug.
• Tshawb xyuas koj qhov nkhaus cua sov (qhov nrawm ntawm kev nce). Xyuas kom tseeb tias koj tsis nce siab dhau, uas tuaj yeem tsim kev hloov pauv kub sab hauv / sab nraud hauv zirconia.
Qhov kev nkag siab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws: Koj tsis tuaj yeem kho qhov teeb meem kub los ntawm kev kwv yees. Kev kuaj mob kom raug yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev sintering txhim khu kev qha. |
Txhua zaus uas lub kaus mom hniav tsis ua haujlwm zoo lossis ua haujlwm ntau dhau, nws sawv cev rau kev poob nyiaj tau los - rov ua haujlwm dua, ua haujlwm maj nrawm, thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau cov neeg mob tsis txaus siab. Tab sis cov kev ua tsis tiav no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau tag nrho nrog kev saib xyuas zoo.
Cov chaw kuaj mob uas ua tau zoo ntawm zirconia sintering tsis ua li ntawd los ntawm hmoov zoo. Lawv:
• Paub yuav ua li cas kom pom qhov txawv ntawm qhov tua tsawg dua thiab qhov tua ntau dhau ntawm ib qho kev ntsia ib muag
• Xyuas kom tseeb tias lawv lub cub tawg kub txhua hli nrog cov qauv siv los ua piv txwv, tsis yog tsuas yog cov ntawv nyeem xwb
• Muaj cov txheej txheem daws teeb meem sau tseg kom cov kws kho tshuab paub tseeb tias yuav ua li cas thaum ib pawg ua tsis tiav
Kev ua kom raug tsis yog qhov nyuaj. Nws tsuas yog kev sib xws xwb - thiab kev txaus siab los xyuas kom meej es tsis txhob xav xwb.
Yog tias koj lub chaw kuaj mob ntsib teeb meem tsis ua haujlwm zoo lossis ua haujlwm ntau dhau, peb xav pab koj kuaj xyuas qhov ua rau muaj teeb meem no. Peb pab neeg tau ua haujlwm nrog ntau pua lub chaw kuaj mob uas ntsib cov teeb meem no, thiab peb paub tias yuav nug cov lus nug twg kom paub meej tias nws yog qhov thermocouple drift, kev txwv ntawm kev tsim lub cub tawg, lossis cov teeb meem ntsig txog kev siv tshuab.
Peb muab:
• Kev sab laj txog kev ntsuas qhov kub ntawm lub cub tawg thiab kev ua kom zoo dua qub ntawm sintering
• Cov kev daws teeb meem rau sintering tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov ntawv thov zirconia, nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias sib xws thiab ruaj khov
• Nkag mus rau peb lub hauv paus kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cub tawg hniav thiab kev daws teeb meem
Cia peb tham txog koj cov teeb meem sintering. Tiv tauj peb rau kev sab laj zais cia hnub no. |
Tsab xov xwm no yog ib feem ntawm peb cov ntawv txog kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub cub tawg hniav. Yog xav paub ntxiv txog cov teeb meem thiab cov kev daws teeb meem uas siv tau, mus saib: Cov Teeb Meem thiab Kev Dais Teeb Meem Hauv Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Hniav Sintering