He iti te mura, he nui rawa rānei te mura? Tātarihia, ā, Whakatikahia ngā Raru o te Zirconia Sintering

E rua ngā wā ka whakahaerehia e koe te kaupapa whakahinuhinu kotahi. He puranga zirconia kotahi. He rite tonu ngā tautuhinga oumu. Engari he rerekē rawa ngā hua—ka puta mai tētahi wahi he āhua mangu, he āhua kōhatu, kāore e mārama katoa, ko tētahi atu he hina pouri me te āhua mata rerekē, ā, kāore e tau tika. He aha te mea i tupu?

Kei roto i tētahi ariā e kore e tino māramahia e te nuinga o ngā taiwhanga te whakautu: ehara i te mea ko te whakapakeke i te zirconia anake te mea nui o te pāmahana sintering. Koia te taurangi matua e whakahaere ana i te mārama, te kaha, me te tika o ngā āhuatanga i te wā kotahi. Ā, ina hē, ka rerekē te āhua o te hapa i runga i te ahunga i hē ai.

Te Whakapūtanga Zirconia: Ngā Tohu me ngā Take o te Whakapūtanga Iti me te Whakapūtanga Nui

Whakaarohia te whakamahana i te zirconia he rite ki te tunu i ngā tāmi. Kia tika te wera, ā, ka tino pai te hua whakamutunga. Engari ki te iti rawa, ki te teitei rawa rānei te wera, ka rerekē rawa ngā raruraru ka puta—ā, me whakatika rawa.

Whakaarohia te kohua i ngā tāmi i te 80°C, kaua i te 100°C. Kāore e tino maoa. Ahakoa te āhua mārō o waho, ka noho mata tonu te roto, ka noho paraoa pokepoke. He rite tonu te mahi a te zirconia e kore e wera.

Waitohu Tirohanga: Te Karauna Tio

He puehu te āhua o te karauna, he paura, kāore rawa he mārama e whiti ana. He rite ki te uku mā, ki te porcelain rānei kua pania ki te hukapapa nui. Tērā pea he paku taratara, he pūwero rānei te mata ina pā atu. Kāore he "ora" ki te rauemi—he āhua papatahi, kāore he ora, ahakoa te tae o te paru i pania e koe.

Raru Rahi: He Nui Rawa te Karauna

Nā te mea kāore i oti te tukanga whakapūkara, kāore i piri pai ngā matūriki zirconia. I mau tonu te rahinga taketake o te karauna—kāore i tino mimiti. Ina whakamātauria e te tūroro, kua wetekina, kua huri, kāore rānei e noho tika ki runga i te mea kua whakaritea. Kei te titiro koe ki tētahi hanga anō.

He aha te mea e tū ana i roto (Te Pūtaiao)

I te taumata moroiti, kī tonu te zirconia i ngā putunga hau ririki—e kiia nei e ngā kaipūtaiao he moroiti . Whakaarohia he rite ki te hautai. Ka marara kaha ēnei miriona āputa moroiti i te mārama, ka ārai i te whiti mā roto. Ka pekepeke te mārama, ka whakaata mai i aua mata o roto katoa, kaua e haere tika atu. Koia te take he āhua kōhatu te karauna—ehara i te mea he raruraru opacity tūturu, engari he marara te mārama.

  Whakaarohia te kohuatia o aua pōro i te 120°C mō te wā roa rawa. Ka mārō, ka mimiti te taha o waho, ka turuturu te whakakī, ā, ka pakaru katoa. Ka rerekē te āhua o te kai. Ka rerekē te āhua o te zirconia ina tahuna rawatia.

Waitohu Tirohanga: Te Karauna Hina Pōuri

Ka puta te karauna me te āhua mangu, hina pouri, parauri paru rānei. He āhua mārama tōna (ka kitea te mārama e whiti ana), engari he hē te tae—kua memeha, kua horoia, kua nekehia rānei ki ngā tae hina. Ahakoa he maeneene te mata, kāore i te rite te ora ki te karauna kua whakakāhia tika. He rerekē rawa te āhua o ngā tae kua pania i mua i te tahunga i tō te whakaaro.

Raru Rahi: He Iti Rawa te Karauna

Ka nui rawa te mimiti o te zirconia i te wā e whakamatao ana. Ka iti ake te karauna i tōna rahinga e tika ana. Kāore e uru ki te mea i whakaritea—he kikī rawa, he hē rānei te tūnga poutū. Anō, kei te tāuta anō koe, kei te hanga anō rānei.

He aha te mea e tū ana i roto (Te Pūtaiao)

I ngā pāmahana nui rawa, kāore ngā pata zirconia e hanumi noa iho—ka hanumi rawa atu . Ka nui rawa te tipu o ngā matūriki tioata takitahi, he tukanga e kiia nei ko te tipu pata . Ina nui rawa ngā pata, ka rerekē te taupū whakaata (te piko o te mārama mā roto i te rauemi) i roto i te kore e taea te matapae. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e te wera nui te whakaoho i te huringa āhua i reira ka huri ētahi o ngā zirconia mai i te āhua tetragonal ki te āhua monoclinic—he huringa e whakaiti ana i te pakari, ā, ka puta he pakaru moroiti. He hina te āhua o te karauna nā te mea kāore te mārama e whakaata tonu ana—kei te mararahia e ēnei rohe pata hou me ngā huringa āhua.

Anei tētahi ripanga tātaritanga tere hei āwhina i a koe ki te tautuhi i te hapa e pāngia ana e koe :

E mea ana te oumu 1530°C—Nō reira, he aha i kore ai ō karauna e tino tika?

Koinei te wāhi e pōuri ai te nuinga o ngā taiwhanga. E whakaatu ana te whakaaturanga o tō oumu i te 1530°C i ngā wā katoa. Kāore anō kia whakarerekētia e koe tētahi tautuhinga. Engari, kātahi ka puta mai ngā puranga he iti rawa te ahi, he nui rawa rānei te ahi. He aha te mea e tupu ana?

Te Raru Tuturu: Tērā pea kei te teka tō Thermocouple

Ka pānuihia e te whakaaturanga te mea e kīia ana e te thermocouple (he pūoko pāmahana). Engari ka pakeke haere ngā thermocouple. I muri i ngā marama, i ngā tau rānei o te whakamahinga, ka ngaro haere te tika o te whakatikatika. Tērā pea ka whakaatuhia e te panera te 1530°C, ko te pāmahana tuturu i roto i te oumu he 1480°C noa iho—tērā pea kei te oma i te 1560°C, ā, kāore koe e mōhio. He nui tēnei nekehanga 50°C hei neke i a koe mai i te sintering tino pai ki te korenga katoa.

Te Kaihara Tuarua: Te Wāhi e Whakatakotoria ai e Koe te Zirconia

Kāore ngā rūma oumu i te wera ōrite. He nui ake te wera o waenganui i ngā taha. Mena kei te rongo te thermocouple i te pāmahana i waenganui o te rūma engari kei te utaina e koe te zirconia tata ki te taha, ka iti ake te pāmahana whai hua o ngā wahi. Waihoki, ki te kore e pai te tūnga o tō ipu para, ka rerekē te rere o te hau i te taha, ka hangaia he rohe mate me te kore e pai te tohanga wera.

Te Raru o te Tere Whakamahana

Ahakoa ka eke te oumu ki te 1530°C, ki te tere rawa te tae atu (he tere piki rawa), ka taea e ngā mata o waho o tō zirconia te whakakā katoa i te mea kei te mātao tonu te roto, ā, kāore i te tino wera. Ka mutu, ka whiwhi koe i tētahi wahi kua whakakāhia te āhua—he tata te āhua o waho, engari kei roto he pūwero tonu, he ngoikore tonu.

Te Whakahoki i te Mana Whakahaere: Me pēhea te Whakatutuki i te Tika o te Pāmahana

E kore te whakapono matapo ki te whakaaturanga o tō oumu e whakatau i tēnei raruraru. Ko te rongo pai? Ka taea e koe te manatoko me te whakatika mā te whakamahi i ētahi tikanga mahi.

Tikanga 1: Te Aroturuki i te Pāmahana Tinana (Te Mea Tino Tika)

Whakamahia he mowhiti whakatikatika PTCR (Positive Temperature Coefficient) he tauira tohutoro rite rānei. He mowhiti zirconia motuhake tēnei e whakaiti ana ki tētahi diameter e mōhiotia ana, e matapaetia ana i ngā pāmahana motuhake.

Anei te āhua o tana mahi:

•   Whakanohoia te mowhiti PTCR ki roto i tō oumu (kei waenganui o te rūma) i te taha o tō puranga noa.

•   Whakahaerehia he huringa sintering katoa mā te whakamahi i tō hōtaka noa.

•   Kia whakamatao, inehia te diameter o te mowhiti PTCR kua whakakāhia ki ngā calipers.

•   Whakatauritea te diameter i inehia ki te tūtohi tohutoro a te kaihanga. Mā tēnei ka mōhio koe ki te pāmahana tino teitei i eke ki tō oumu.

Kāore tēnei tikanga e whakamahi i te thermocouple. Kei te ine koe i te ao tūturu, ehara i te pānui hiko.

Tikanga 2: Tikanga Whakataurite Tirohanga

Puritia he tauira tohutoro—he karauna, he poraka rānei kua whakakāhia i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino pai e mōhiotia ana. Ina tahuna e koe he puranga hou, whakatauritea te āhua tirohanga (te mārama, te mātotoru o te tae, te mutunga o te mata) ki tēnei paerewa tohutoro. Mena he rerekē te āhua o ō wahi hou, tera pea kua hē te pāmahana.

Kāore i te tino tika tēnei tikanga i te ine PTCR, engari he tere, ā, he hopu hoki i ngā pekapeka nui.

Tikanga 3: Tikanga Tiaki Auau

Kāore te pikinga o te pāmahana e puta ohorere mai. Ka piki haere mārire i roto i ngā wiki me ngā marama. Āraihia mā te:

•   Whakahaerehia he mowhiti whakatikatika PTCR ia marama. Tuhia te diameter inehia i ia wā. Ka kite koe i te rerekētanga whakatikatika i mua i te pakaru o ngā puranga.

•   Te tirotiro i te hiri o te rūma oumu. Mā ngā pakaru, ngā hiri rānei e wewete ka puta te wera i te kore ōrite.

•   Te tirotiro i tō pihi whakamahana (te tere piki). Kia tino kore e tino kaha rawa te piki, ka puta pea he pikinga pāmahana ā-roto/ā-waho i roto i te zirconia.

Ka Ārahi te Mana Pāmahana i te Pono o te Whakaputa

I ia wā ka puta mai he karauna kāore i te tino pai te mahi, i te tino pai rānei te mahi, he tohu tēnei mō te ngaronga o te moni whiwhi—te mahi anō, ngā mahi tere, te kore e pai ki te manawanui. Engari ka taea te ārai i ēnei hapa mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga aroturuki tika.

Kāore ngā taiwhanga e tino matatau ana ki te mahi whakapūkara zirconia e mahi ana i tēnei mā te waimarie. Ko rātou:

•   Kia mōhio ki te wehewehe i te iti o te pupuhi me te nui o te pupuhi i te tirohanga kotahi

•   Manatokohia te pāmahana o te oumu ia marama mā te whakamahi i ngā tauira tohutoro ā-tinana, kaua ko ngā pānui whakaatu anake

•   Me whai tuhinga mō ngā tukanga rapurongoā kia mōhio ai ngā tohunga hangarau ki te aha me mahi ina rahua tetahi puranga

Ehara i te mea uaua te tika. Ko te rite tonu anake—me te hiahia ki te manatoko, kaua ki te whakapae noa.

Kua rite koe ki te whakakore i ngā hapa o te mahi sintering?

Mena kei te pāngia tō taiwhanga e ngā puranga iti te ahi, nui rawa rānei te ahi, ka hiahia mātou ki te āwhina i a koe ki te tātari i te pūtake o te take. Kua mahi tahi tā mātou tīma me ngā rau taiwhanga e pāngia ana e ēnei wero, ā, e mōhio ana mātou he aha ngā pātai hei pātai hei tohu mēnā he nekenekehanga o te thermocouple, he herenga hoahoa oumu, he take hangarau rānei.

Ka tukuna e mātou:

•   Whakawhitiwhiti kōrero hangarau mō te whakatikatika pāmahana oumu me te arotautanga o te whakamahana

•   Ngā otinga oumu sintering i hangaia mō ngā tono zirconia, me ngā āhuatanga matatau o te ōritetanga pāmahana me te pumau

•   Te urunga atu ki tō mātou pūtake mātauranga whānui mō te whakahaere me te rapurongoā i te oumu niho

Ko tēnei tuhinga he wāhanga o tā mātou raupapa mō te rapurongoā i roto i te oumu niho. Mō ētahi atu take noa me ngā otinga whai hua, tirohia: Ngā Take me ngā Otinga Noa i roto i te Sintering Ouma Niho