Ngā Take o te Tukanga Mira Niho: Te Pakaru, te Taunga, me te Ngatata — Ngā Take me te Me pēhea te Whakatika

2026-07-21

Rārangi Kaupapa

• Ina kei te pai te mīhini engari kāore i te pai te whakaora
• Ina kei te pai te mīhini engari kāore i te pai te whakaora
• 1. Te Paheke o te Pūwero, te Kore rānei e Mau i te Wā e Tapahi ana
•2. Te tapahi i ngā tapahi Zirconia
• 3. Te Pakaru o te Pū i te Wā e Tapahi ana
•4. Te Pakaru o te Pū i te Wā e Tapahi ana
•5. He Kikī rawa te Karauna
•6. Ngā Raina Mata, Ngā Kapiti o te Raina Makawe, te Whati rānei
- • 6a. Ngā Raina Mata i te Mata o te Karauna o Roto
- •6b. Ngā Kapiti, Ngā Whati rānei o te Raina Makawe (I roto i te Taiwhanga, i roto rānei i te Waha)
•Ki te kore e taea e koe anake te whakaoti i tēnei raruraru, ko te mahi i muri i te hoko te mea nui

Ina kei te pai te mīhini engari kāore i te pai te whakaora

Ehara i te mea he hapa mīhini ngā raruraru katoa o te whakaora mira. Ko te pakaru, ko te āputa o roto, ko te karauna e kore e mau, ko ngā rārangi mata, ko ngā kapiti - ko te tikanga ka hoki ēnei ki te kōwhiringa o te pū, te whakatikatika, te rautaki tapahi, ngā tawhā hoahoa, te whakaheke rauemi, te tukanga sintering rānei, ehara i te taputapu o te mira. E tirotiro ana tēnei tuhinga i ngā take e ono e tino kitea ana i roto i taua kāwai, ia take kua wehea ki te Raru, te Take, me te Otinga, kia taea ai e koe te mahi i te wāhi i tīmata ai te raruraru i roto i te tukanga mahi.

Pānui e pā ana

Ki te whakapae koe i te mīhini tonu — te haruru o te porowhita, te paheketanga o te tika, ngā whakaoho pēhanga hau — tirohia ā mātou Te Whakatau Rapanga mō te Mīhini Mira Niho ārahi hei utu.

Ina kei te pai te mīhini engari kāore i te pai te whakaora

Pānui e pā ana

1. Te Paheke o te Pūwero, te Kore rānei e Mau i te Wā e Tapahi ana

Raru: Ka wetekina te pū, ka taka rānei i waho o te pū i waenganui o te mahi tapahi.

Take:

Kua tawhito te pūwero toru-kōhatu — kua roa te whakamahinga o te pūwero toru-kōhatu, ā, kua tawhito te pakitara o roto.
Kāore i te rawaka te pēhanga hau — ka heke, ka kore rānei e pumau te pēhanga i te wā whakawhiti taputapu, i waenganui rānei o te oma, ka whakaiti i te kaha o te kume i te tītaha. Me whai pēhanga hau paerewa ≥6.5 pae mō ngā taputapu mira.
Te hē o te tūnga o te mowhiti — kua nekehia te mowhiti tūnga o te bur i tōna tūranga.

Otinga:

Tangohia te pūwero me te taputapu tika, horoia, pania anō ki te hinu, kātahi ka tāuta anō — ā, tirohia anō mēnā e ōrite ana te pēhanga hau ki ngā whakaritenga a te kaihanga.
Mena kua nekehia te mowhiti tūnga, whakatauritea ki te pūmau tohutoro i tukuna mai e te kaihanga i mua i te whakamahi anō. Mena kua pakaru te mowhiti, whakakapia.
Kia oti ngā tirotiro katoa, whakatikatika anō te mīhini, ka whakaū kei te tika ngā tawhā i inehia i mua i te tīmatanga o te mahi.

2. Te tapahi i ngā tapahi Zirconia

Raru: Ka puta he maramara kitea i te taha, i te hononga rānei i muri i te mira i te whakaora zirconia.

Take: He nui ake ngā taurangi o tēnei i te nuinga, nō reira he mea tika kia whakarārangihia katoatia i mua i te rapurongoā:

Pūwero kua pakaru, kua tawhito rānei — ka tere ake te pakaru o ngā tawhā angiangi rawa i roto i ngā raraunga hoahoa. Ka taea tonu e ngā pūwero o te puranga kotahi te pakaru i ngā tere rerekē i runga i te rahinga tapahi me te roa o te whakamahinga.
Mīhini kāore anō kia whakatikatikaina — ko te pakaru o te maramara e mau tonu ana i muri i te whakawhiti ki tētahi pūwero hou e tohu ana i tētahi pekapeka whakatikatika.
Rautaki tapahi, rauemi rānei kāore i te ōrite — ki te tirohia te whakatikatika, ā, ka pakaru tonu, me arotake ngā tautuhinga rautaki tapahi, te hototahi rānei o ngā rauemi.
He hapa rauemi — mēnā kua whakaūtia te tika o te rautaki tapahi engari ka puta he pakaru i muri i te whakawhiti rauemi, me tirotirohia te puranga rauemi tonu.
He nui rawa te tapahi raro i te hoahoa — he nui rawa te tapahi raro i te kaha o te mira, o te pūwero rānei ki te whakahaere.
Hapa pūmanawa — ka puta he ara taputapu rerekē mēnā he hapa kei roto i te pūmanawa CAM, i te pūnaha whakahaere rānei o te mira.

Otinga: Tātarihia ngā take i tēnei raupapa, kaua e whakapae noa:

Tirohia te pū i te tuatahi. Kāore te nuinga o ngā taiwhanga e whakawhiti rauemi i ngā wā katoa, nō reira tīmata ki te taputapu — whakakapia tonutia mēnā kua tawhito, kua pakaru rānei.

Whakauruhia te whakataurite ki roto i tō kaupapa tiaki o ia rā. Mā te hopu i ngā hapa iti i te wā o ngā tirotiro auau ka karohia te rapurongoā matapo ka kino pea te mīhini — me tiaki anake tēnei momo taputapu e ngā kaimahi whakangungu.

Kia whakakorea te pūwero, mahihia ngā paparanga e toe ana i runga i te raupapa: raraunga whakatikatika, kātahi ko te rautaki tapahi, kātahi ko te puranga rauemi — whakahaerehia he tapahi whakamātautau me tētahi puranga rauemi e mōhiotia ana he pai mēnā e tika ana hei whakakore i tētahi raruraru rauemi.

3. Te Pakaru o te Pū i te Wā e Tapahi ana

Raru: Ka whati te tarau i te wā e tapahia ana.

Take:

Kāore i te rawaka te pakari o te tarau — ka pau te pakari i muri i te tapahi roa, ā, ka whati noa te tarau.
Kāore i te rawaka te pēhanga hau — mā te pēhanga kore pumau, te pēhanga iti rānei mō tētahi wā poto i te wā e whakawhiti ana i te taputapu, i waenganui rānei o te oma ka whakaitihia te kaha o te kume i te tītaha, ka tukua te pūwero kia wetekina, kia whati hoki i raro i te kawenga kore taurite.
Te hipa i te rohenga mīhini — he nui rawa te tapahi i raro i te hoahoa e hipa ana i te rohenga tukatuka o te mira.
Te hōhonutanga tapahi nui rawa — he hapa kei roto i ngā raraunga ara taputapu e whakatakoto ana i te hōhonutanga tapahi kia hohonu rawa, ka pā te pūwero ki te poraka uku, ka whati.
Rautaki tapahi kore pumau — ka puta he panoni ohorere o te kawenga tapahi nā ngā tawhā ara taputapu koretake, kore pumau rānei.
He hohonu rawa ngā awaawa whanaketanga i roto i te hoahoa — he nui ake te hohonu o te awaawa i te rohe mahi a te bur. He mea tino noa tēnei mō ngā bur angiangi iti rawa (R0.3).

Otinga:

Whāia te tikanga whakahaere paerewa — kia mōhio ki te kaha mahi a te mīhini, kia mau hoki ki roto i ngā whakaritenga kia kore ai e pāngia te pūwero e te kaha ohorere.
Tirohia te kounga o te pū. Mēnā ka puta he pakaru whānui i muri tonu i te whakawhiti i ngā kaiwhakarato pū, me whakaū kei te tutuki te kounga o te puranga hou i mua i te rapu i tētahi atu.
Manatokohia i mua i te tapahi — tirohia te hohonutanga o te tapahi raro me te hohonutanga o te awaawa whanaketanga o ngā raraunga hoahoa ki ngā rohe whakatauranga o te mīhini me te bur.

4. Te Pakaru o te Pū i te Wā e Tapahi ana

Raru: Ka whati te tarau i te wā e tapahia ana.

Take:

Kāore i te rawaka te pakari o te tarau — ka pau te pakari i muri i te tapahi roa, ā, ka whati noa te tarau.
Kāore i te rawaka te pēhanga hau — mā te pēhanga kore pumau, te pēhanga iti rānei mō tētahi wā poto i te wā e whakawhiti ana i te taputapu, i waenganui rānei o te oma ka whakaitihia te kaha o te piri o te pū, ka tukua te whana kia wetekina, kia whati hoki i raro i te kawenga kore taurite.
Te hipa i te rohenga mīhini — he nui rawa te tapahi i raro i te hoahoa e hipa ana i te rohenga tukatuka o te mira.
Te hōhonutanga tapahi nui rawa — he hapa kei roto i ngā raraunga ara taputapu e whakatakoto ana i te hōhonutanga tapahi kia hohonu rawa, ka pā te pūwero ki te poraka uku, ka whati.
Rautaki tapahi kore pumau — ka puta he panoni ohorere o te kawenga tapahi nā ngā tawhā ara taputapu koretake, kore pumau rānei.
He hohonu rawa ngā awaawa whanaketanga i roto i te hoahoa — he nui ake te hohonu o te awaawa i te rohe mahi a te bur. He mea tino noa tēnei mō ngā bur angiangi iti rawa (R0.3).

Otinga:

Whāia te tikanga whakahaere paerewa — kia mōhio ki te kaha mahi a te mīhini, kia mau hoki ki roto i ngā whakaritenga kia kore ai e pāngia te pūwero e te kaha ohorere.
Tirohia te kounga o te pū. Mēnā ka puta he pakaru whānui i muri tonu i te whakawhiti i ngā kaiwhakarato pū, me whakaū kei te tutuki te kounga o te puranga hou i mua i te rapu i tētahi atu.
Manatokohia i mua i te tapahi — tirohia te hohonutanga o te tapahi raro me te hohonutanga o te awaawa whanaketanga o ngā raraunga hoahoa ki ngā rohe whakatauranga o te mīhini me te bur.

5. He Kikī rawa te Karauna

Raru: He uaua, he kore rānei e taea te whakanoho katoa i te karauna, he nui rawa te ātete ki te tauira, ki te waha rānei.

Take:

He iti rawa te tawhā hoahoa, te tawhā wāhi-sima rānei i whakatakotoria.
He nui rawa te hapa matawai, e whakapohehe ana i ngā raraunga tauira.
Ka whakaitihia te tika o te tapahi e te kino o te pū.
Tautuhinga ōwehenga whakaitiiti o te zirconia hē.
Hapa taputapu — he nui rawa te pānga o te hurihuri, o ngā tīwiri mata, o ētahi atu wāhanga rānei.
He tino tiketike rawa te pāmahana whakatioata, ka piro te āhua o te whakaora.

Otinga:

Tirohia te taha hoahoa i te tuatahi, kaua e huri noa ki tētahi raruraru pū. Whakatikatikahia ngā tawhā i runga i te āhua o te karauna: ngā tawhā iti ake mō te karauna pāpaku me te koki huihuinga nui, ngā tawhā nui ake mō te karauna teitei me te koki huihuinga iti, ā, whakanuia ake i te pikinga ake o te maha o ngā niho tautoko.
Mō ngā take e pā ana ki te pāmahana whakatioata, tirohia tika ngā tawhā e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga me te kaiwhakarato rauemi.
Whakahaerehia ngā tirotiro o ia rā i te wā kotahi — te tika o te matawai, te āhua o te bur, me te urupare kino a te mīhini — kia kore ai he hapa taputapu.

6. Ngā Raina Mata, Ngā Kapiti o te Raina Makawe, te Whati rānei

E rua ngā tauira e pā ana engari he rerekē: ko ngā rārangi mata e puta ana i te mata o roto o te karauna i te wā e mira ana, me ngā kapiti, ngā whati rānei e puta ake ana i muri mai — kei roto tonu i te taiwhanga, i muri rānei i te whakaurunga o te whakaora ki te waha.

6a. Ngā Raina Mata i te Mata o te Karauna o Roto

Raru: Ka puta ngā rārangi rite ki te hiwi i runga i te mata o roto (intaglio) o te karauna i muri i te mira.

Take:

He angiangi rawa te tawhē whakaora.
Kāore i te tino maeneene te taha pakihiwi.
He iti rawa te horahanga whakawhiti-wāhanga o te hononga (i roto i te piriti).
He iti rawa te tawhiti o te whakaora i waenganui i te oki o te kapia me te kapia.

Otinga:

Me mahi tahi me te taote niho e rongoā ana — me whakakanapa te pakihiwi i te wā e whakareri ana i te niho, me te pupuri i te matotoru o te taha whakaora kia 0.6 mm te iti rawa.
Whakapai ake i te hoahoa — whakanuia te matotoru o te pakitara arero me te matotoru o te hononga hei ārai i ngā rārangi e puta mai ana i te kore e ranea te kaha o te hanganga.

6b. Ngā Kapiti, Ngā Whati rānei o te Raina Makawe (I roto i te Taiwhanga, i roto rānei i te Waha)

Raru: Ka puta he kapiti i roto i te whakahoutanga i te wā e hangaia ana, ka pakaru rānei te whakahoutanga i muri i te whakapiringa.

Take:

Ka heke te pumau o te mīhini, ka nui rawa te wiri o te tapahi.
Te whakanui i te kino o te bur mā te tapahi i te ahotea.
Te tikanga hē i te wehenga o te whakaora mai i te poraka, me te whakamahi i te kaha koretake.
Te pānga, te kaha rānei o waho ki te whakaora.
Te tukanga whakamaroke kāore i te tika.
He tere rawa te pikinga o te sintering, ka puta he ahotea wera e puta ai te ngatata.

Otinga:

Kia mau tonu te mahi tiaki i te mīhini — whakakapia wawetia ngā pūwero kua tawhito, whakatikatikahia te mīhini i runga i te wā tika, me te whai i tētahi kaupapa tiaki o ia rā.
Kia tūpato te whakahaere i ngā whakahoutanga — whakaitihia te tere o te porowhita me te kaha pēhi ina wehea te whakahoutanga mai i te poraka.
Whakahaerehia te tukanga whakapūkara kia rite ki te pihi whakapūkara a te kaihanga uku. Kia tae te oumu ki te 1530°C, ā, kia mau tonu, tukua kia heke te pāmahana ki te awhe e tika ana i mua i te tango i te whakaora - kaua rawa e akiaki kia tangohia i mua i te taenga ki te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana, i te wā rānei e wera tonu ana te whakaora.

Ki te kore e taea e koe anake te whakaoti i tēnei raruraru, ko te mahi i muri i te hoko te mea nui

Kāore ētahi o ēnei take e whakatauhia mā te whakatika kotahi, nā te mea kei roto i ngā taahiraa maha te take tūturu — he tawhā hoahoa me te puranga rauemi, he rerekētanga whakatikatika me te rautaki tapahi rānei. Ko te tikanga o te mahi i roto i tēnei ko te tirotiro i ngā raraunga me tō pūmanawa hoahoa me te whakaū i ngā tawhā me tō kaiwhakarato rauemi, kaua ko te whakarerekē noa i te tautuhinga kotahi me te tapahi anō.

Mena kua oti i a koe ngā tirotiro i runga ake nei, ā, kāore tonu e taea te tautuhi i te take, me aro atu rānei ki te mīhini tonu — te whakatikatika anō, te whakatika taputapu — he tere ake, he haumaru ake hoki te haere ki te mahi i muri i te hoko atu i te haere tonu ki te rapu raruraru matapo. Kei roto i tā mātou tautoko i muri i te hoko atu:

Tautoko tuihono — āwhina urupare mō ngā pātai o ia rā
Aratohu ataata ora — ka kite te tohunga hangarau i tō mīhini i te wā tūturu, ā, ka ārahi i a koe i roto i te whakatikatika
Ngā tirotiro ā-tau i te papaanga — ka tirohia e te tohunga hangarau te āhua o ngā taputapu i runga i te wātaka auau, ka kitea ngā raruraru i mua i te pakaru
Te tuku wāhanga matatau — ka āwhina mātou ki te penapena i ngā wāhanga pakaru pēnei i ngā pūwero me ngā hiri i mua i te wā, kia kore ai koe e tatari mō te tuku i te wā e kore e hiahiatia ana

Whakapā atu ki te Tautoko Whai muri i te Hoko

mua n

Te Whakatau i ngā Raruraru mō te Mīhini Mira Niho: Ngā Hapa Noa me te Me pēhea te Whakatika